Aberrant hyperconnectivity within the Default Mode Network (DMN) is a hallmark of depression. This condition leads to persistent negative rumination and self-focused thought patterns, which interfere with adaptive emotion regulation. Targeted neuromodulation and psychotherapy approaches aim to rebalance DMN connectivity to alleviate symptoms.

The Salience Network (SN), responsible for detecting and prioritizing stimuli, often shows hyperactivity in anxiety disorders. This leads to an overemphasis on perceived threats and difficulty regulating fear responses. Interventions like mindfulness training and pharmacotherapy aim to modulate SN connectivity to restore emotional balance.

Schizophrenia is marked by disrupted interactions among the Default Mode Network (DMN), Central Executive Network (CEN), and Salience Network (SN). These result in impaired executive functioning, disorganized thinking, and hallucinations. Integrative connectivity models guide personalized treatments using neuromodulation or pharmacological approaches.

In ADHD, hypoconnectivity within the Frontoparietal Network (FPN) undermines attentional control and task engagement. Treatments like stimulant medications, neurofeedback and behavioral therapies are designed to strengthen these connections, improving focus and reducing impulsivity.

ASD is characterized by both hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity in brain networks, depending on the individual and brain region. These imbalances affect social communication and sensory processing. Connectivity-guided interventions, including neuromodulation and targeted behavioral therapies, hold promise for personalized treatment.

In bipolar disorder, the ability to switch between the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Central Executive Network (CEN) is impaired. This leads to mood instability and difficulties in emotion regulation. Connectivity-informed approaches, including mood stabilizers and cognitive therapy, aim to improve network dynamics.

In PTSD, hyperconnectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal-limbic circuits exacerbates fear responses and intrusive memories. Neurofeedback and trauma-focused therapies help recalibrate these circuits to reduce symptoms and improve resilience.

Alzheimer’s disease features early disruptions in DMN connectivity, correlating with memory deficits and cognitive decline. Early detection of DMN abnormalities using functional connectivity metrics may inform interventions to slow disease progression.

OCD is linked to hyperconnectivity in the cortico-striatal-thalamic circuitry, perpetuating repetitive behaviors and intrusive thoughts. Targeted treatments, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), or neurofeedback seek to normalize these connectivity patterns.

Chronic pain conditions often involve altered connectivity in the Sensorimotor and Salience Networks. This dysregulation amplifies the perception of pain and its emotional impact. Interventions like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and TMS focus on modifying these networks.

Epileptic seizures result from abnormal synchronization in brain networks. Functional connectivity mapping helps identify seizure-onset zones and guides surgical interventions or neuromodulation treatments like vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).

Substance use disorders involve disruptions in the reward network, particularly hyperactivity in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Behavioral therapies and neuromodulation aim to restore balance in these circuits and reduce cravings.

Insomnia is linked to poor connectivity between the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Central Executive Network (CEN), leading to difficulty in switching off the brain's active state. Drugs, cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia and mindfulness practices target these dysregulated patterns to improve sleep.

In eating disorders, abnormal connectivity between reward networks and cognitive control networks contributes to disordered eating behaviors. Treatments targeting these networks, such as drugs, neurofeedback and cognitive restructuring, aim to improve self-regulation.

Tourette syndrome involves hyperconnectivity in the sensorimotor network, leading to involuntary tics. Emerging therapies like DBS and behavioral intervention focus on modulating these connectivity patterns.